Parliamentary Bloc’s Proposed Amendments

Current constitution text

President Mubarak’s proposed amendment

MB Parliamentary Bloc’s Proposed amendment

1-The Arab Republic of Egypt is a Socialist Democratic State based on the alliance of the working forces of the people. The Egyptian people are part of the Arab Nation and work for the realization of its comprehensive unity.

The concept of citizenship should replace that of the “alliance of the working classes”.

1-The Arab Republic of Egypt is a Democratic State based on equal opportunities among citizens and the equality among them in rights and duties.

The Egyptian people are part of the Arab and Islamic Nation and work for the realization of its comprehensive unity.

4-The economic foundation of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the socialist democratic system based on sufficiency and justice, in a manner preventing exploitation, narrowing the gap between incomes, protecting legitimate earnings and guaranteeing justice in the distribution of public responsibilities and expenditures.

It is necessary to change articles 1, 4, 12/1, 24, 30, 33, 37, 56/1, 59, 73, 108/1 so that they are consistent with the present political and economic situations. No economic system should be dictated with the purpose of avoiding other amendments in future.

4-The economic foundation of the Arab Republic of Egypt is based on preventing exploitation and monopoly, protecting legitimate earnings and private ownership and guaranteeing justice in the distribution of public responsibilities and expenditures.

5-The political regime of the Arab Republic of Egypt is based upon the multi-party system within the framework of the basic principles and components of the Egyptian society stipulated by the Constitution . Political parties shall be organized by law.

A third paragraph should be added to article 5:

A paragraph should be added prohibiting both political activities and the establishment of political parties on religious, racial or ethnic foundations. Political and national activities, it should be asserted, must be based on the principle of citizenship alone, with no discrimination made on account of religion, race or ethnicity.

A third paragraph should be added to article 5:

The political system guarantees a circulation of power and political multiplicity and citizens’ right to form parties and that parties are form upon notification, banning forming parties based on discrimination among citizens and banning that they form military or paramilitary organizations; the civil justice is the source of authority for all affairs of the parties.

12-Society shall be committed to safeguarding and protecting morals, promoting the genuine Egyptian traditions and abiding by the high standards of religious education, moral and national values, the historical heritage of the people, scientific facts, socialist conduct and public manners within the limits of the law. The State is committed to abiding by these principles and promoting them

* Request to amend Article 12- first paragraph

It is necessary to change articles 1, 4, 12/1, 24, 30, 33, 37, 56/1, 59, 73, 108/1 so that they are consistent with the present political and economic situations. No economic system should be dictated with the purpose of avoiding other amendments in future.

12-Society shall be committed to safeguarding and protecting morals, promoting the genuine Egyptian traditions and abiding by the high standards of religious education, moral and national values, the historical heritage of the people, scientific facts, social justice and public manners within the limits of the law. The State is committed to abiding by these principles and promoting them

24-The people shall control all means of production and direct their surplus in accordance with development plan laid down by the State

Request to amend Article 24

It is necessary to change articles 1, 4, 12/1, 24, 30, 33, 37, 56/1, 59, 73, 108/1 so that they are consistent with the present political and economic situations. No economic system should be dictated with the purpose of avoiding other amendments in future.

24-All means and forms of production are controlled by the system of government and public multiple ownership, whose basis is guaranteed private ownership; their surplus is directed in accordance with development plan laid down by the State

30-Public ownership is the ownership of the people and it is confirmed by the continuous support of the public sector. The public sector shall be the vanguard of progress in all spheres and shall assume the main responsibility in the development plan.

Request to amend Article 30

It is necessary to change articles 1, 4, 12/1, 24, 30, 33, 37, 56/1, 59, 73, 108/1 so that they are consistent with the present political and economic situations. No economic system should be dictated with the purpose of avoiding other amendments in future.

30-Public ownership is the ownership of the people and it is confirmed by the continuous support within limits of the multiple ownership.

33-Public ownership shall have its sanctity. Its protection and support shall be the duty of every citizen in accordance with the law as it is considered the mainstay of the strength of the homeland, a basis for the socialist system and a source of prosperity for the people-

Request to amend Article 33

It is necessary to change articles 1, 4, 12/1, 24, 30, 33, 37, 56/1, 59, 73, 108/1 so that they are consistent with the present political and economic situations. No economic system should be dictated with the purpose of avoiding other amendments in future.

33-Public ownership shall have its sanctity. Its protection and support shall be the duty of every citizen in accordance with the law as it is considered the mainstay of the strength of the homeland, a basis for the social justice and a source of prosperity for the people.

37-The law shall fix the maximum limit of land ownership with a view to protecting the farmer and the agricultural labourer from exploitation and asserting the authority of the alliance of the people’s working forces in villages.

Request to amend Article 37

It is necessary to change articles 1, 4, 12/1, 24, 30, 33, 37, 56/1, 59, 73, 108/1 so that they are consistent with the present political and economic situations. No economic system should be dictated with the purpose of avoiding other amendments in future.

37-The law shall fix the means for protecting the farmer and the agricultural labourer from exploitation and asserting the social justice among citizens.

56-The creation of syndicates and unions on democratic basis shall be guaranteed by law and shall have a legal person. The law regulates the participation of syndicates and unions in carrying out the social plans, and programmes raising the standard of efficiency, consolidating socialist behaviour among their members, and safeguarding their funds. They are responsible for questioning their members about their behaviour in exercising their activities according to certain codes of morals, and for defending the rights and liberties of their members as defined by law.

Request to amend Article 56- 2^nd paragraph

It is necessary to change articles 1, 4, 12/1, 24, 30, 33, 37, 56/1, 59, 73, 108/1 so that they are consistent with the present political and economic situations. No economic system should be dictated with the purpose of avoiding other amendments in future.

56-The creation of syndicates and unions on democratic basis shall be guaranteed by law and shall have a legal person.

The law regulates the participation of syndicates and unions in carrying out the social plans, and programmes raising the standard of efficiency, consolidating the rules of democracy among their members and safeguarding their funds. They are responsible for questioning their members about their behaviour in exercising their activities according to certain codes of morals, and for defending the rights and liberties of their members as defined by law.

59-Safeguarding, consolidating and preserving the socialist gains shall be a national duty

· Article 59 should be abolished and replaced instead with another article advocating protection of the environment.

59-Safeguarding, consolidating and preserving the environment shall be a national duty. The state shall guarantee the right in a good environment.

73-The Head of the State is the President of the Republic . He shall assert the sovereignty of the people, respect for the Constitution and the supremacy of the law. He shall safeguard national unity and the socialist gains and maintain the limits between authorities in a manner to ensure that each shall perform its role in the national action.

Request to amend Article 73- 1st paragraph

It is necessary to change articles 1, 4, 12/1, 24, 30, 33, 37, 56/1, 59, 73, 108/1 so that they are consistent with the present political and economic situations. No economic system should be dictated with the purpose of avoiding other amendments in future.

73-The Head of the State is the President of the Republic . He shall assert the sovereignty of the people, respect for the Constitution and the supremacy of the law. He shall safeguard national unity and the social justice and maintain the limits between authorities in a manner to ensure that each shall perform its role in the national action.

180-The State alone shall establish the Armed Forces, which shall belong to the people. Their task shall be to protect the country, safeguard its territory and security, and protect the socialist achievements of popular struggle. No organization or group may establish military or semimilitary formations. The law shall prescribe the conditions of service and promotion for the armed forces.

Request to amend Article 180- 1st paragraph

It is necessary to change articles 1, 4, 12/1, 24, 30, 33, 37, 56/1, 59, 73, 108/1 so that they are consistent with the present political and economic situations. No economic system should be dictated with the purpose of avoiding other amendments in future.

180-The State alone shall establish the Armed Forces, which shall belong to the people. Their task shall be to protect the country, safeguard its territory and security. No organization or group may establish military or semimilitary formations. The law shall prescribe the conditions of service and promotion for the armed forces.

62-Citizen shall have the right to vote, nominate and express their opinions in referenda according to the provisions of the law. Their participation in public life is a national duty.

Article 62

Law-makers should be allowed to choose the electoral system best representative of all political parties in Parliament. Women should also be enabled to participate effectively in political life and be empowered to run for seats in both the People’s Assembly and Shura Council.

62-Citizen shall have the right to vote, nominate and express their opinions in referenda according to the provisions of the law and under a full judicial supervision. Their participation in public life is a national duty.

Egyptian citizens living abroad shall have the same rights.

94-If the seat of a member becomes vacant before the end of his term, a successor shall be elected or appointed to it, within sixty days from the date of the communication to the Assembly of the occurrence of the vacancy . The term of the new member shall extend until the end of the term of his predecessor.

Amending article 94 to be consistent with article 62 to follow any electoral system chosen by lawmakers.

94-If the seat of a member becomes vacant before the end of his term, a successor shall replace him according to the system with which he gained membership, within sixty days from the date of the communication to the Assembly of the occurrence of the vacancy . The term of the new member shall extend until the end of the term of his predecessor.

74-If any danger threatens the national unity or the safety of the motherland or obstructs the constitutional role of the State institutions, the President of the Republic shall take urgent measures to face this danger, direct a statement to the people and conduct a referendum on those measures within sixty days of their adoption.

Article 74

More checks and balances should be incorporated in Article 74 whereby the danger threatening national unity and/or obstructing the Constitutional role of State institutions should be grave and immediate. Urgent measures should be taken after consulting with the Speakers of both Chambers as well as with the prime minister. The People’s Assembly should not be dissolved while the President exercises the powers assigned to him in accordance with Article 74.

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76- (the old text before amending it in 2005) The People’s Assembly shall nominate the President of the Republic . The nomination shall be referred to the people for a plebiscite. The nomination for the President of the Republic shall be made in the People’ Assembly upon the proposal of at least one third of its members. The candidate who obtains two thirds of the votes of the members of the People’s Assembly shall be referred to the people for a plebiscite . If he does not obtain the said majority the nomination process shall be repeated two days after the first vote. The candidate obtaining an absolute majority of the votes of the Assembly members shall be referred to the citizens for a plebiscite. The candidate shall be considered President of the Republic when he obtains an absolute majority of votes cast in the plebiscite. If the candidate does not obtain this majority, the Assembly shall propose the nomination of another candidate and the same procedure shall follow concerning his candidature and election.

article 76 third and fourth articles

Paragraphs 3 and 4 of Article 76 should be amended in order to reflect the conditions of Egypt’s political parties both at present and in future. The terms set for the presidential candidacy should be changed to guarantee the seriousness while providing the opportunity for all parties to field candidates for the presidential elections on easier conditions.

The President shall be elected by direct, public, secret ballot from among multiple candidates as prescribed by law.

78-The procedures for the choice of a new President of the Republic shall begin sixty days before the expiration of the term of the President in office. The new President shall be selected at least one week before the expiration of the term. Should this term expire without the choice of a new President for whatever reason, the former President shall continue to exercise his functions until his successor is elected.

Adding another paragraph article 78

A paragraph should be added to settle the difference regarding the time between the President’s election and that of inauguration.

amending articles 82 (1st paragraph), 84 (1st paragraph) and 85 (2nd article)

The Prime Minister should be allowed to take over the responsibilities of the Vice President, in case the latter is absent for any reason. It should also be made clear, that whoever is in control, at that time, will not assume such authorities as dismissing the Cabinet, dissolving Parliament or calling for Constitutional amendments, all of which would have major effects on the country’s political life.

Original Constitutional texts remain as they are

82-In case the President of the Republic , due to any temporary obstacle, is unable to carry out his functions, he shall delegate his powers to a Vice-President.

Article 82 (1st paragraph)

The Prime Minister should be allowed to take over the responsibilities of the Vice President, in case the latter is absent for any reason. It should also be made clear, that whoever is in control, at that time, will not assume such authorities as dismissing the Cabinet, dissolving Parliament or calling for Constitutional amendments, all of which would have major effects on the country’s political life.

84-In case of the vacancy of the Presidential office or the permanent disability of the President of the Republic, the Speaker of the People’s Assembly shall temporarily assume the Presidency. In case the People’s Assembly is dissolved at such a time the President of the Supreme Constitutional Court shall take over the Presidency on condition that neither one shall nominate himself for the Presidency. The People’s Assembly shall then proclaim the vacancy of the office of President . The President of the Republic shall be chosen within a maximum period of sixty days form the date of the vacancy of the Presidential office.

Article 84 (1st paragraph)

The Prime Minister should be allowed to take over the responsibilities of the Vice President, in case the latter is absent for any reason. It should also be made clear, that whoever is in control, at that time, will not assume such authorities as dismissing the Cabinet, dissolving Parliament or calling for Constitutional amendments, all of which would have major effects on the country’s political life.

Original Constitutional texts remain as they are

85-Any charge against the President of high treason or of committing a criminal act shall be made upon a proposal by at least one third of the members of the People’s Assembly . No impeachment shall be issued except upon the approval of a majority of two-thirds of the Assembly members. The President of the Republic shall be suspended form the exercise of his duties as from the issuance of the impeachment . The Vice-President shall take over the Presidency temporarily until the decision concerning the impeachment is taken. The President of the Republic shall be tried by a special Tribunal set up by law. The law shall also organize the trial procedures and define the penalty. In case he is found guilty, he shall be relieved of his post without prejudice to other penalties.

Article 85 (2nd paragraph)

The Prime Minister should be allowed to take over the responsibilities of the Vice President, in case the latter is absent for any reason. It should also be made clear, that whoever is in control, at that time, will not assume such authorities as dismissing the Cabinet, dissolving Parliament or calling for Constitutional amendments, all of which would have major effects on the country’s political life.

Original Constitutional texts remain as they are

88-The Law shall determine the conditions which members of the Assembly must fulfil as well as the rules of election and referendum, while the ballot shall be conducted under the supervision of the members of a judiciary organ.

Article 88 An amendment should be introduced to deal with the ever-increasing number of voters, and with the subsequent need for balloting stations and vote-counting centers. Judiciary supervision should be maintained to ensure the effectiveness and integrity of the electoral process; the suitable number of judges should also be guaranteed to secure that elections remain a one-day process.

88-The Law shall determine the conditions which members of the Assembly must fulfill as well as the rules of election and referendum, while the ballot and other measures shall be conducted under the direct and full supervision of the members of the judiciary.

115-The draft general budget shall be submitted to the People’s Assembly at least two months before the beginning of the fiscal year.
It shall be considered in effect after approval. The draft budget shall be voted upon title by title and shall be promulgated by a law.
The People’s Assembly may not effect any modification in the draft budget except with the approval of the government.
In case the ratification of the new budget does not take place before the beginning of the fiscal year, the old budget shall be acted on pending such ratification.
The manner of the preparation of the budget as well as the determination of the fiscal year shall be determined by law.

Article 115 (1st paragraph)

Parliament should be allowed to introduce changes to the State Budget and to place checks to maintain a balance between estimated revenues and expenditures.
The two-month period stipulated in paragraph 1 of Article 115, relating to the duration allowed before the Government submits its draft budget, should be expanded.

115-The State’s draft general budget, including all its military and civilian bodies and services, shall be submitted to the People’s Assembly at least six months before the beginning of the fiscal year.
It shall be considered in effect after approval. The People’s Assembly can effect any modifications it wants in the draft budget. The draft budget shall be voted upon title by title and shall be promulgated by a law.
In case the ratification of the new budget does not take place before the beginning of the fiscal year, the old budget shall be acted on pending such ratification.
The manner of the preparation of the budget as well as the determination of the fiscal year shall be determined by law.

118-The final account of the State Budget shall be submitted to the people’s Assembly within a period not exceeding one year from the date of the expiration of the fiscal year.
It shall be voted upon title by title and issued by a law. The annual report of the Central Agency for Accounting and its observations must be submitted to the People’s Assembly.
The Assembly has the right to demand any data or other pertinent reports from the Central Agency for Accounting.

Article 118 (1st paragraph)

The margin of time between the end of the fiscal year and the Government’s Final Statement should meanwhile be cut short allowing Parliament the opportunity for free discussion and voting. Parliamentary monitoring of Government performance should not be delayed.

118-The final account of the State Budget shall be submitted to the people’s Assembly within a period not exceeding six months from the date of the expiration of the fiscal year.
It shall be voted upon title by title and issued by a law. The annual report of the Central Agency for Accounting and its observations must be submitted to the People’s Assembly.
The Assembly has the right to demand any data or other pertinent reports from the Central Agency for Accounting.

127- The People’s Assembly shall determine the responsibility of the Prime Minister, on a proposal by one- tenth of its members.

Article 127

Measures determining the responsibility of the Prime Minister should be alleviated. Parliament should be assigned a greater role in withdrawing confidence from the Government without putting the matter to public referendum.

127- The People’s Assembly shall has the right to withdraw the confidence from the government or any minister; withdrawing the confidence shouldn’t be proposed except after a request for information to the Prime Minister or a minister in proposal by one- tenth of its members.

The assembly shouldn’t issue its decision except after at least three days from lodging it. Withdrawing the government or any minister shall take effect with the majority of the members of the Assembly.

133-After the formation of the Cabinet and at the inaugural meeting of the ordinary session of the People’s Assembly, the Prime Minister shall submit the program of the government.
The People’s Assembly is entitled to discuss such program.

Article 133

The Cabinet selected by the President should obtain the Parliament’s confidence.

The Prime Minister shall submit the cabinet-lineup and its program to the People’s Assembly for approval. The Prime Minister can submit a confidence in the government before the Assembly on the occasion of submitting his program or on the occasion of submitting the government’s statement on the public policy of the state.

136- The President of the Republic shall not dissolve the People’s Assembly unless it is necessary and after a referendum of the people.
The President of the Republic shall issue a decision terminating the sessions of the Assembly and conducting a referendum within thirty days.
If the total majority of the voters approve the dissolution of the Assembly, the President of the Republic shall issue the decision of dissolution.
The decision dissolving the Assembly shall comprise an invitation to the electors to conduct new elections for the People’s Assembly within a period not exceeding sixty days from the date of the declaration of the referendum results. The new Assembly shall convene during a period of ten days following the completion of elections.

Amending Article 136 (1st paragraph)

A Presidential Decree is required to dissolve Parliament without resorting to public referendum. The reason used for dissolving Parliament once is not admissible for another dissolution.

136- The President of the Republic shall not dissolve the People’s Assembly unless it is necessary and after the government demands this and after a referendum of the people. The decision of dissolving the parliament shall have a reason for this, and shall shall comprise an invitation to the electors to conduct new elections for the People’s Assembly within a period not exceeding sixty days.
The reason used for dissolving Parliament once is not admissible for another dissolution.

Dissolving the People’s Assembly shall lead to the resignation of the cabinet and the president of the republic shall ask another prime minister to form a care-taker government till holding the elections.

194- The Shura Council is concerned with the study and proposal of what it deems necessary to preserve the principles of the July 23, 1952 Revolution and the May 15, 1971 Revolution, to consolidate national unity and social peace, to protect the Alliance of the Working Forces of the People and the socialist gains as well as the basic components of society, its supreme values, its rights and liberties and its public duties, and to entrench the democratic socialist system and widen its scope.

Amending articles 194, 195

The Shura Council should be entitled to approve certain topics on as part of its competences. Meanwhile, its opinion should continue to be advisory in respect of others. A modus operendos should be devised to resolve differences arising between the People’s Assembly and Shura Council.

194- The Shura Council is concerned with the study and proposal of what it deems necessary to preserve the principles of the July 23, 1952 Revolution and the May 15, 1971 Revolution, to consolidate national unity and social peace, to protect the basic components of society, its supreme values, its rights and liberties and its public duties, and to entrench the democratic system and widen its scope.

195-The Shura Council shall be consulted in the following:

1- Proposals for the amendment for one or more articles of the Constitution.
2- Draft laws complementary to the Constitution.
3- Draft of the general plan for social and economic development.
4- Peace treaties, alliances and all treaties affecting the territorial integrity of the State or those concerning sovereignty rights.
5- Draft laws referred to the Assembly by the President of the Republic.
6- Whatever matters referred to the Assembly by the President of the Republic relative to the general policy of the State or its policy regarding Arab or foreign affairs.
The Assembly shall submit to the President of the Republic and the People’s Assembly its opinion on such matters.

Amending articles 194, 195

The Shura Council should be entitled to approve certain topics on as part of its competences. Meanwhile, its opinion should continue to be advisory in respect of others. A modus operendos should be devised to resolve differences arising between the People’s Assembly and Shura Council.

195-The Shura Council shall be consulted in the following:

-Proposals for the amendment for one or more articles of the Constitution.
– Draft laws complementary to the Constitution:

1-The law on the practice of political rights.

2-The People’s Assembly law .

3-The Shura Council law .

4-The parties law .

5-The judiciary laws .

6-The penal code .

7-The code of criminal procedure .

8-The local government law.

– Draft of the general plan for social and economic development.
– Peace treaties, alliances and all treaties affecting the territorial integrity of the State or those concerning sovereignty rights.
-Draft laws referred to the Assembly by the President of the Republic.
– Whatever matters referred to the Assembly by the President of the Republic relative to the general policy of the State or its policy regarding Arab or foreign affairs.
The Assembly shall submit to the President of the Republic and the People’s Assembly its opinion on such matters.

138-The President of the Republic in conjunction with the government shall lay down the general policy of the State and supervise its implementation in the manner prescribed in the Constitution.

Adding another paragraph to article 138 and article 141

A paragraph should be added to Article 138 whereby the competences of the Council of Ministers are expanded allowing it to cooperate with the President in developing the country’s general policies as per the terms set in Article 74. The President should exercise the powers assigned to him/her in accordance with Articles 108, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148 and 151 after obtaining the Cabinet’s approval on some and consulting with the People’s Assembly on others.

The Prime Minister should cooperate with the President as regards appointing and dismissing deputy prime ministers and deputy ministers.

138-The Prime Minister and ministers shall lay down the general policy of the State and supervise its implementation in the manner prescribed in the Constitution. And they do, specifically, the tasks mentioned in articles:

(108, 144, 145, 146, 147) and they are committed to do the tasks mentioned in articles ^{(148 and 151/2).}

141- The President of the Republic shall appoint the Prime Minister, his deputies, the Ministers and their deputies and relieve them of the posts.

Adding another paragraph to article 138 and article 141

A paragraph should be added to Article 138 whereby the competences of the Council of Ministers are expanded allowing it to cooperate with the President in developing the country’s general policies as per the terms set in Article 74. The President should exercise the powers assigned to him/her in accordance with Articles 108, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148 and 151 after obtaining the Cabinet’s approval on some and consulting with the People’s Assembly on others.

The Prime Minister should cooperate with the President as regards appointing and dismissing deputy prime ministers and deputy ministers.

141- The President of the Republic shall appoint the Prime Minister after consulting the People’s Assembly and after the approval of the Assembly; the Prime Minister shall form the cabinet.

161-The Arab Republic of Egypt shall be divided into administrative units, enjoying moral entities, among which shall be governorates, cities and villages. Other administrative units may be established, having moral entities, if this may be required by the common interest.

Another paragraph added to article 161:

A new paragraph should be added on developing the country’s administrative system, leading to proper decentralization and to delegating real authority to the municipalities in running their affairs.

161- Citizens registered in electoral rolls governoratewide shall elect their governor, with a direct public and secret vote under a full judicial supervision; his term shall be five years; his assignment starts immediately after assuming the post. The conditions for electing the governor shall be the same ones required for appointing a minister. He can be nominated for only one second term; he shall be held accountable in fron of the governorate’s local council as prescribed by law.

173- A Supreme Council, presided over by the President of the Republic, shall supervise the affairs of the judiciary organizations.
The law shall prescribe its formation, its competencies, and its rules of action. It shall be consulted with regard to draft laws organizing the affairs of the judiciary organizations.

Article 173, sixth section article 179

Judiciary organizations should be independent and a council should be formed with the membership of all heads of such organizations under the President’s chairmanship replacing that described in Article 173.

Article 173 The judiciary organizations are independent in conducting their affairs and every judiciary organization shall have its own budget.

179-The Socialist Public Prosecutor shall be responsible for taking the procedures which secure the people’s rights, the safety of the society and its political system, the preservation of the socialist achievements, and commitment to the socialist behavior.
The law shall define his other competencies. He shall be subject to the control of the People’s Assembly in accordance to what is prescribed by law.

The position of the Socialist Public Prosecutor should be abolished as should the Court of Values; and a new title for Chapter Six should be introduced: “Counter-terrorism”. A new article should also be incorporated to fight terrorism and root out its sources.

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Introducing antiterrorism bill law to protect the country from terrorism:

Establishing a legal system concerned with fighting terrorism and eradicating its sources to be a legislative substitute for fighting this danger without any need for applying the emergency law.

The lawmaker is allowed to introduce the laws that can protect the society from terrorism and so that the rules mentioned in articles 41 (1st paragraph), 44 and 45 (2nd paragraph) reduce the abilities of the antiterrorism law to fight this threat and its serious consequences, while the law guarantees defining a judicial supervision on these measures to strictly resist the danger of terrorism and fight any unjustified violation on the human rights, and providing means for accelerating judicial rulings in antiterrorism cases.

Note:

Article 41 of the constitution states that (Individual freedom is a natural right not subject to violation except in cases of flagrante delicto. No person may be arrested, inspected, detained or have his freedom restricted in any way or be prevented from free movement except by an order necessitated by investigations and the preservation of public security. This order shall be given by the competent judge or the Public Prosecution in accordance with the provisions of the law.).

The law shall determine the the period of provisional detention.

As it is without adding any anything

Article 44 states that (Homes shall have their sanctity and they may not be entered or inspected except by a causal judicial warrant as prescribed by the law).

As it is without adding any anything

Article 45 states that (The law shall protect the inviolability of the private life of citizens. Correspondence, wires, telephone calls and other means of communication shall have their own sanctity and their secrecy shall be guaranteed. They may not be confiscated or monitored except by a causal judicial warrant and for a definite period and according to the provisions of the law).

As it is without adding any anything

205-The following articles of the Constitution shall apply to the Shura Council:
(89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 129, 130, 134), insofar as they are not incompatible with the stipulations cited in this part: The Shura Council and its President shall exercise the competencies specified in the aforementioned articles.

Article 205

Article 205 should be amended by incorporating Article 62: “Citizens shall have the right to vote, nominate and express their opinions in referendums according to the provisions of the law. Their participation in public life is a national duty;” and Article 88: “The necessary conditions stipulated in the members of the People’s Assembly shall be defined by law. The rules of election and referendum shall be determined by law, while the ballot shall be conducted under the supervision of members of a judiciary organ.”

As it is without adding any anything